<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agx</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Андрология и генитальная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Andrology and Genital Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-9781</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8902</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MedINK Publishing House LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.62968/2070-9781-2025-26-2-60-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agx-819</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профилактика гонадотоксичности химиопрепарата цисплатин терапией секретомом стволовых клеток</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevention of gonadotoxicity of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin by stem cell secretom therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-9200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирпатовский</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirpatovskiy</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирпатовский В.И. – д.м.н., профессор, гл. научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 604441</p><p>Тел. 8-916-488-1413</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>51, 3-rd Parkovaya street, Moscow, 105425</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-6485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сивков А.В. – к.м.н., заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>Москва</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 622663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>51, 3-rd Parkovaya street, Moscow, 105425</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8822-8119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефремов</surname><given-names>Г. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremov</surname><given-names>G. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефремов Г.Д. – к.м.н., заведующий научно-лабораторным отделом</p><p>Москва</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 637962</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>51, 3-rd Parkovaya street, Moscow, 105425</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлова Е.В. – врач клинической лабораторной диагностики клинико-диагностической лаборатории</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>51, 3-rd Parkovaya street, Moscow, 105425</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комарова Ж.В. – аспирант</p><p>Москва</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 1202604</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>51, 3-rd Parkovaya street, Moscow, 105425</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролова Е.В. – старший научный сотрудник отдела «Биология»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>20, st. Usievich, Moscow, 125315</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladkirp@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ урологии и интервенционной радиологии им. Н.А.Лопаткина – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Всероссийский институт научной и технической информации Российской академии наук (ВИНИТИ РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кирпатовский В.И., Сивков А.В., Ефремов Г.Д., Орлова Е.В., Комарова Ж.В., Фролова Е.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кирпатовский В.И., Сивков А.В., Ефремов Г.Д., Орлова Е.В., Комарова Ж.В., Фролова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirpatovskiy V.I., Sivkov A.V., Efremov G.D., Orlova E.V., Komarova Z.V., Frolova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://agx.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/819">https://agx.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/819</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Химиотерапия является одним из основных методов лечения распространенных/метастатических форм злокачественных заболеваний. Часто используемым химиопрепаратом является Цисплатин, существенным побочным действием которого является токсическое действие на органы с высоким пролиферативным потенциалом, в том числе на яички, что может приводить к выраженным нарушениям сперматогенеза, андрогенной недостаточности и бесплодию.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучение возможности профилактики гонадотоксичности Цисплатина с помощью терапии препаратом Целлекс, относящимся к препаратам, содержащим продукты секреции стволовых клеток.</p><p>Материал и методы исследования: Проведены эксперименты на 45 самцах беспородных крыс в 4 сериях: 1-я серия – внутрибрюшинное введение цисплатина в дозе 5 мг/кг, 2-я серия – введение цисплатина в дозе 7 мг/кг, 3-я серия – введение цисплатина в дозе 5 мг/кг на фоне терапии препаратом Целлекс (0,1 мг/кг внутримышечно ежедневно в течение 10 дней), 4-я серия – введение Цисплатина в дозе 7 мг/кг на фоне аналогичной терапии. Через 3, 7 и 14 суток определяли концентрацию тестостерона в крови, а через 14 суток удаляли яички с последующим их гистологическим и морфометрическим исследованием.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В 1-й и 2-й сериях выявили развитие гипоплазии тестикул с уменьшением их массы на 15% при выраженных нарушениях сперматогенеза: уменьшение диаметра и площади поперечного сечения семенных канальцев, слоев герминативного эпителия и количества клеток Сертоли на 100 мкм базальной мембраны. Во 2-й серии выявляли появление разрушенных и полностью лишенных эпителиальной выстилки канальцев. В 3-й и 4-й сериях гистологическая картина приближалась к нормальной, хотя морфометрические показатели все же не достигали нормальных значений. В 4-й группе доля разрушенных и опустошенных канальцев была достоверно меньше, чем во 2-й группе. Уровень тестостерона в крови крыс 1-й и 2-й групп достоверно снижался, тогда как в 3-й и 4-й группах он сохранялся в нормальных пределах во все сроки наблюдения.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Терапия препаратом Целлекс позволяет существенно снизить токсическое действие Цисплатина на яичко, сохраняя активный сперматогенез и синтез тестостерона.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods of treating common/metastatic forms of malignant diseases. A commonly used chemotherapy drug is Cisplatin, a significant side effect of which is a toxic effect on organs with high proliferative potential, including the testicles, which can lead to severe disorders of spermatogenesis, androgen deficiency and infertility.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To study the possibility of preventing Cisplatin gonadotoxicity using Cellex therapy, which refers to drugs containing products of stem cell secretion.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted on 45 male mongrel rats: Series 1 – intraperitoneal cisplatin administration at a dose of 5 mg/ kg, Series 2 – cisplatin administration at a dose of 7 mg/ kg, Series 3 – cisplatin administration at a dose of 5 mg/ kg during therapy with Cellex (0.1 mg/ kg intramuscularly daily for 10 days), 4 series – the introduction of Cisplatin at a dose of 7 mg / kg with Cellex therapy as in 3 series. After 3, 7, and 14 days, the concentration of testosterone in the blood was determined, and after 14 days, the testicles were removed, followed by their histological and morphometric examination.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the 1st and 2nd series, the development of testicular hypoplasia with a decrease in their mass by 15% was revealed with pronounced disorders of spermatogenesis, manifested in a decrease in the diameter and cross-sectional area of the seminal tubules, layers of the germinal epithelium and the number of Sertoli cells per 100 mcm of the basement membrane. At the same time, in the 2nd series, the appearance of destroyed tubules and groups of tubules completely devoid of epithelial lining was revealed. In the 3rd and 4th series, the histological picture approached normal, although the morphometric parameters still did not reach normal values. In group 4, the proportion of destroyed and emptied tubules was significantly less than in group 2. The level of testosterone in the blood of rats decreased starting from day 3 in group 1 and on day 1 in group 2 and remained significantly reduced until the end of the follow-up, whereas in groups 3 and 4 it remained within normal limits at all times.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Cellex therapy can significantly reduce the toxic effect of Cisplatin on the testicle, while maintaining active spermatogenesis and testosterone synthesis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>Цисплатин</kwd><kwd>нарушение сперматогенеза</kwd><kwd>тестостерон</kwd><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>Целлекс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>cisplatin</kwd><kwd>spermatogenesis disorder</kwd><kwd>testosterone</kwd><kwd>cell therapy</kwd><kwd>cellex</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perazella MA. Onco-nephrology: renal toxicities of chemotherapeutic agents. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;7(10):1713–21. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.02780312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perazella MA. Onco-nephrology: renal toxicities of chemotherapeutic agents. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;7(10):1713–21. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.02780312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volarevic V., Djokovic B., Jankovic M.G, et al. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: a balance on the knife edge between renoprotection and tumor toxicity. Journal of Biomedical Science. 2019;26:25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-019-0518-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volarevic V., Djokovic B., Jankovic M.G, et al. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: a balance on the knife edge between renoprotection and tumor toxicity. Journal of Biomedical Science. 2019;26:25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-019-0518-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brydoy, M. Fossa, S.D. Klepp, O. et al. Paternity and testicular function among testicular cancer survivors treated with two to four cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Eur. Urol. 2010;58: 134–140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brydoy, M. Fossa, S.D. Klepp, O. et al. Paternity and testicular function among testicular cancer survivors treated with two to four cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Eur. Urol. 2010;58: 134–140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zraik IM, Heß-Busch Y. Management of chemotherapy side effects and their long-term sequelae. Urologe A. 2021;60(7):862-871. doi: 10.1007/s00120-021-01569-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zraik IM, Heß-Busch Y. Management of chemotherapy side effects and their long-term sequelae. Urologe A. 2021;60(7):862-871. doi: 10.1007/s00120-021-01569-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Y, Wang C, Wang K, et al. The effects and molecular mechanism of heat stress on spermatogenesis and the mitigation measures. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2022;68(5-6):331-347. doi: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2074325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao Y, Wang C, Wang K, et al. The effects and molecular mechanism of heat stress on spermatogenesis and the mitigation measures. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2022;68(5-6):331-347. doi: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2074325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li ZM. Role of antioxidants in preventing testicular ischemiareperfusion injury: a narrative review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022;26(24):9126-9143. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202212_30663</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li ZM. Role of antioxidants in preventing testicular ischemiareperfusion injury: a narrative review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022;26(24):9126-9143. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202212_30663</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takalani NB, Monageng EM, Mohlala K, et al. Role of oxidative stress in male infertility. Reprod Fertil. 2023;4(3):e230024. doi: 10.1530/RAF-23-0024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takalani NB, Monageng EM, Mohlala K, et al. Role of oxidative stress in male infertility. Reprod Fertil. 2023;4(3):e230024. doi: 10.1530/RAF-23-0024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santabarbara G, Maione P, Rossi A, Gridelli C. Pharmacotherapeutic options for treating adverse effects of Cisplatin chemotherapy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2016;17:561–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santabarbara G, Maione P, Rossi A, Gridelli C. Pharmacotherapeutic options for treating adverse effects of Cisplatin chemotherapy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2016;17:561–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chun-yan Fang, Da-yong Lou, Li-qin Zhou, Jin-cheng Wang, et al. Natural products: potential treatments for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2021;42:1951–1969; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-021-00620-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chun-yan Fang, Da-yong Lou, Li-qin Zhou, Jin-cheng Wang, et al. Natural products: potential treatments for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2021;42:1951–1969; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-021-00620-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghafouri-Fard S., Shoorei H., Abak A., Seify M. et al. Effects of chemotherapeutic agents on male germ cells and possible ameliorating impact of antioxidants. Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy. 2021; 142, 112040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112040).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghafouri-Fard S., Shoorei H., Abak A., Seify M. et al. Effects of chemotherapeutic agents on male germ cells and possible ameliorating impact of antioxidants. Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy. 2021; 142, 112040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112040).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goto T, Hirabayashi M, Watanabe Y, Sanbo M, et al. Testosterone Supplementation Rescues Spermatogenesis and In Vitro Fertilizing Ability of Sperm in Kiss1 Knockout Mice. Endocrinology. 2020;161(9):bqaa092. doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goto T, Hirabayashi M, Watanabe Y, Sanbo M, et al. Testosterone Supplementation Rescues Spermatogenesis and In Vitro Fertilizing Ability of Sperm in Kiss1 Knockout Mice. Endocrinology. 2020;161(9):bqaa092. doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hadziselimovic F Advocating hormonal treatment to prevent adult in-fertility in patients diagnosed with congenital un-descended testes. Int Braz J Urol. 2024;50(1):20-27. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.9902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hadziselimovic F Advocating hormonal treatment to prevent adult in-fertility in patients diagnosed with congenital un-descended testes. Int Braz J Urol. 2024;50(1):20-27. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.9902.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassen, M.T., Mohamed,H.K., Montaser, M.M., El-Sharnouby, M.E., Awad, N., Ebiya, R.A. Molecular, Immunomodulatory, and Histopathological Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Beetroot Extract on Cisplatin Induced Testicular Damage in Albino Rats. Animals 2021; 11: 1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassen, M.T., Mohamed,H.K., Montaser, M.M., El-Sharnouby, M.E., Awad, N., Ebiya, R.A. Molecular, Immunomodulatory, and Histopathological Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Beetroot Extract on Cisplatin Induced Testicular Damage in Albino Rats. Animals 2021; 11: 1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong L, Yang M, Zou X, Du T. et al. Human umbilical cord multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate acute ischemiareperfusion injury of spermatogenic cells via reducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 2020;11:294. doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-01813-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong L, Yang M, Zou X, Du T. et al. Human umbilical cord multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate acute ischemiareperfusion injury of spermatogenic cells via reducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 2020;11:294. doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-01813-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">von Rohden E, Jensen CFS, Andersen CY, Sёnksen J, et al. Male fertility restoration: in vivo and in vitro stem cell-based strategies using cryopreserved testis tissue: a scoping review. Fertil Steril. 2024;122(5):828-843. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.07.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">von Rohden E, Jensen CFS, Andersen CY, Sёnksen J, et al. Male fertility restoration: in vivo and in vitro stem cell-based strategies using cryopreserved testis tissue: a scoping review. Fertil Steril. 2024;122(5):828-843. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.07.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alimogullari E, Kartal B, Demir H, Elci MP. Protective effects of adipose-derived stem cells against testicular injury induced after ischemia-reperfusion by regulating autophagy. Histochem Cell Biol. 2024;163(1):18. doi: 10.1007/s00418-024-02347-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alimogullari E, Kartal B, Demir H, Elci MP. Protective effects of adipose-derived stem cells against testicular injury induced after ischemia-reperfusion by regulating autophagy. Histochem Cell Biol. 2024;163(1):18. doi: 10.1007/s00418-024-02347-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hokmabadi A, Ranjbar E, Alipour F, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Afshari JT, Rezaei MM, Shafieian R. Protective effect of dental pulp stem cells’ conditioned medium against cisplatin-induced testicular damage in rats. Toxicology. 2024;504:153788. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153788.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hokmabadi A, Ranjbar E, Alipour F, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Afshari JT, Rezaei MM, Shafieian R. Protective effect of dental pulp stem cells’ conditioned medium against cisplatin-induced testicular damage in rats. Toxicology. 2024;504:153788. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153788.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ЕћimЕџek FB, Ећencan A, Vatansever HS. Exosomes obtained from adipose mesenchymal stem cells prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury after torsion-detorsion in rat testes. Pediatr Surg Int. 2023;39(1):204. doi: 10.1007/s00383-023-05487-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ЕћimЕџek FB, Ећencan A, Vatansever HS. Exosomes obtained from adipose mesenchymal stem cells prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury after torsion-detorsion in rat testes. Pediatr Surg Int. 2023;39(1):204. doi: 10.1007/s00383-023-05487-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esfehani R, Khadivi F, Valipour J, Shabani M, et al. Secretome of human amniotic membrane stem cells promote recovery and testicular functions through modulating SIRT1/NRF2/TNF- pathway in mice testicular torsion: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2024;22(10):821-836. doi: 10.18502/ijrm.v22i10.17670.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esfehani R, Khadivi F, Valipour J, Shabani M, et al. Secretome of human amniotic membrane stem cells promote recovery and testicular functions through modulating SIRT1/NRF2/TNF- pathway in mice testicular torsion: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2024;22(10):821-836. doi: 10.18502/ijrm.v22i10.17670.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирпатовский В.И., Сивков А.В., Ефремов Г.Д., Самойлова С.И., Фролова Е.В., Аполихин О.И. Применение ксеногенного фракционированного протеомного секретома стволовых и прогениторных клеток при остром ишемическом повреждении почек в эксперименте. //Экспериментальная и клиническая урология 2022;15(1):10-19. https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-1-10-19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirpatovskiy V.I., Sivkov A.V., Efremov G.D., Samoilova S.I., Frolova E.V., Apolikhin O.I. Experimental application of xenogenic fractionated proteomic secretome of stem and progenitor cells in acute ischemic kidney injury. Experimental and Clinical Urology, 2022;15(1):10-19; https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-1-10-19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирпатовский В.И., Сивков А.В., Соколов М.А., Голованов С.А., Дрожжева В.В., Синюхин В.Н., Фролова Е.В., Аполихин О.И., Каприн А.Д. Терапия ксеногенным протеомным комплексом из эмбриональных клеток головного мозга тормозит прогрессирование экспериментально вызванной хронической почечной недостаточности. //Экспериментальная и клиническая урология 2023;16(3):26-37. https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-3-26-37</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirpatovskiy V.I., Sivkov A.V., Sokolov M.A., Golovanov S.A., Drozhzheva V.V., Sinyukhin V.N., Frolova E.V., Apolikhin O.I., Kaprin A.D. Therapy with xenogenic proteomic complex from embryonic brain cells inhibits the progression of experimentally induced chronic renal failure. Experimental and Clinical Urology 2023;16(3):26-37; https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-3-26-37</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирпатовский В.И., Сивков А.В., Назиров М.Р., Ефремов Г.Д., Соколов М.А., Комарова Ж.В., Фролова Е.В, Аполихин О.И., Каприн А.Д. Терапия белково-пептидным комплексом эмбрио-нальных стволовых клеток, как метод уменьшеня нефротоксического действия химиопрепарата цисплатин. // Онкоурология, 2025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirpatovskiy V.I., Sivkov A.V.. Nazirov M.R.. Efremov G.D., Sokolov M.A., Komarova Zh.V., Frolova E.V., Apolikhin O.I., Kaprin A.D. Therapy with a protein-peptide complex of embryonic stem cells as a method of reducing the nephrotoxic effect of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin. Oncourology. 2025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahin K, Tuzcu M, Gencoglu H, Dogukan A, et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate activates Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats Life Sci. 2010;87(7-8):240-5. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.06.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahin K, Tuzcu M, Gencoglu H, Dogukan A, et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate activates Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats Life Sci. 2010;87(7-8):240-5. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.06.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guerrero-Beltrán C.E., Calderón-Oliver M., Tapia E., Medina-Campos O.N. et al. Sulforaphane protects against cis-platin-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Lett. 2010;192(3):278-85. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.11.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guerrero-Beltrán C.E., Calderón-Oliver M., Tapia E., Medina-Campos O.N. et al. Sulforaphane protects against cis-platin-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Lett. 2010;192(3):278-85. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.11.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eslamifar Z., Moridnia A., Sabbagh S., Ghaffaripour R., et al. Ameliorative Effects of Gallic Acid on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat Variations of Biochemistry, Histopathology, and Gene Expression. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021:2195238. doi: 10.1155/2021/2195238.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eslamifar Z., Moridnia A., Sabbagh S., Ghaffaripour R., et al. Ameliorative Effects of Gallic Acid on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat Variations of Biochemistry, Histopathology, and Gene Expression. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021:2195238. doi: 10.1155/2021/2195238.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheki M., Jafari S., Najafi M., Mahmoudzadeh A. Glucosamine Protects Rat Bone Marrow Cells Against Cisplatin-induced Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2019;19(14):1695-1702. doi: 10.2174/1871520619666190704164126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheki M., Jafari S., Najafi M., Mahmoudzadeh A. Glucosamine Protects Rat Bone Marrow Cells Against Cisplatin-induced Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2019;19(14):1695-1702. doi: 10.2174/1871520619666190704164126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krouwel EM, Kramer Z, Gordijn R, Nicolai MPJ, et al. Sexual and fertility-related adverse effects of medicinal treatment for cancer; a national evaluation among medical oncologists. Support Care Cancer. 2022 30(5):4035-4047. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06721-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krouwel EM, Kramer Z, Gordijn R, Nicolai MPJ, et al. Sexual and fertility-related adverse effects of medicinal treatment for cancer; a national evaluation among medical oncologists. Support Care Cancer. 2022 30(5):4035-4047. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06721-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chow EJ, Stratton KL, Leisenring WM, Oeffinger KC, et al. Pregnancy after chemotherapy in male and female survivors of childhood cancer treated between 1970 and 1999: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort. Lancet Oncol 2016;17:567–576.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chow EJ, Stratton KL, Leisenring WM, Oeffinger KC, et al. Pregnancy after chemotherapy in male and female survivors of childhood cancer treated between 1970 and 1999: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort. Lancet Oncol 2016;17:567–576.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tian En L, Brougham MFH, Wallace WHB, Mitchell RT. Impacts of platinum-based chemotherapy on subsequent testicular function and fertility in boys with cancer. Hum Reprod Update. 2020;26(6):874-885. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tian En L, Brougham MFH, Wallace WHB, Mitchell RT. Impacts of platinum-based chemotherapy on subsequent testicular function and fertility in boys with cancer. Hum Reprod Update. 2020;26(6):874-885. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kohsaka T, Minagawa I, Morimoto M, Yoshida T, et al. Efficacy of relaxin for cisplatin-induced testicular dysfunction and epididymal spermatotoxicity. Basic and Clinical Andrology 2020; 30:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12610-020-0101-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kohsaka T, Minagawa I, Morimoto M, Yoshida T, et al. Efficacy of relaxin for cisplatin-induced testicular dysfunction and epididymal spermatotoxicity. Basic and Clinical Andrology 2020; 30:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12610-020-0101-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen CM., Lopes F, Mitchell RT, Spears N. Comparative gonadotoxicity of the chemotherapy drugs cisplatin and carboplatin on prepubertal mouse gonads. Molecular Human Reproduction, 2020.;26(3):129–140. doi:10.1093/molehr/gaaa008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen CM., Lopes F, Mitchell RT, Spears N. Comparative gonadotoxicity of the chemotherapy drugs cisplatin and carboplatin on prepubertal mouse gonads. Molecular Human Reproduction, 2020.;26(3):129–140. doi:10.1093/molehr/gaaa008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moradi M, Hashemian MA, Faramarzi A, Goodarzi N, et al. Therapeutic effect of sodium alginate on bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP)-induced reproductive toxicity by inhibiting nitro-oxidative stress, infammation and apoptosis. Scientifc Reports 2024;14:1565. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52010-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moradi M, Hashemian MA, Faramarzi A, Goodarzi N, et al. Therapeutic effect of sodium alginate on bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP)-induced reproductive toxicity by inhibiting nitro-oxidative stress, infammation and apoptosis. Scientifc Reports 2024;14:1565. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52010-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aboul-Naga AM, Hamam ET, Awadalla A, Shokeir AA. The protective role of l-carnitine on spermatogenesis after cisplatin treatment during prepubertal period in rats: A pathophysiological study. Life Sci. 2020;258:118242. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aboul-Naga AM, Hamam ET, Awadalla A, Shokeir AA. The protective role of l-carnitine on spermatogenesis after cisplatin treatment during prepubertal period in rats: A pathophysiological study. Life Sci. 2020;258:118242. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shabani R, Ashtari K, Behnam B, Izadyar F, et al. In vitro toxicity assay of cisplatin on mouse acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and spermatogonial stem cells. Andrologia 2016;48:584–594.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shabani R, Ashtari K, Behnam B, Izadyar F, et al. In vitro toxicity assay of cisplatin on mouse acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and spermatogonial stem cells. Andrologia 2016;48:584–594.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elrashidy, R.A. Zakaria, E.M. Elmaghraby, A.M. Abd El Aziz, R.E.M et al. Linagliptin and Vitamin D3 Synergistically Rescue Testicular Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Cisplatin-Exposed Rats: The Crosstalk of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress with NF-κB/ iNOS Activation. Molecules 2022; 27: 7299. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elrashidy, R.A. Zakaria, E.M. Elmaghraby, A.M. Abd El Aziz, R.E.M et al. Linagliptin and Vitamin D3 Synergistically Rescue Testicular Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Cisplatin-Exposed Rats: The Crosstalk of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress with NF-κB/ iNOS Activation. Molecules 2022; 27: 7299. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Favareto APA, Fernandez CDB, da Silva DAF, Anselmo-Franci JA, Kempinas WDG. Persistent impairment of testicular histology and sperm motility in adult rats treated with cisplatin at peri-puberty. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011;109:85–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Favareto APA, Fernandez CDB, da Silva DAF, Anselmo-Franci JA, Kempinas WDG. Persistent impairment of testicular histology and sperm motility in adult rats treated with cisplatin at peri-puberty. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011;109:85–96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aslani F, Sebastian T, Keidel M, Fröhlich S, et al. Resistance to apoptosis and autophagy leads to enhanced survival in Sertoli cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2017;23:370–380.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aslani F, Sebastian T, Keidel M, Fröhlich S, et al. Resistance to apoptosis and autophagy leads to enhanced survival in Sertoli cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2017;23:370–380.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azouri H, Bidart JM, Bohuon C. In vivo toxicity of cisplatin and carboplatin on the Leydig cell function and effect of the human choriogonadotropin. Biochem Pharmacol 1989;38:567–571.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azouri H, Bidart JM, Bohuon C. In vivo toxicity of cisplatin and carboplatin on the Leydig cell function and effect of the human choriogonadotropin. Biochem Pharmacol 1989;38:567–571.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nna VU, Ujah GA, Suleiman JB, Mohamed M, et al. Tertbutylhydroquinone preserve testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in cisplatin-intoxicated rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Toxicology. 2020;441:152528. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152528.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nna VU, Ujah GA, Suleiman JB, Mohamed M, et al. Tertbutylhydroquinone preserve testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in cisplatin-intoxicated rats by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Toxicology. 2020;441:152528. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152528.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smart E, Lopes F, Rice S, Nagy B, et al. Chemotherapy drugs cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and doxorubicin induce germ cell loss in an in vitro model of the prepubertal testis. Sci Rep 2018;8:1–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smart E, Lopes F, Rice S, Nagy B, et al. Chemotherapy drugs cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and doxorubicin induce germ cell loss in an in vitro model of the prepubertal testis. Sci Rep 2018;8:1–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moradi M, Goodarzi N, Faramarzi A, Cheraghi H, et al. Melatonin protects rats testes against bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatininduced toxicity via mitigating nitrooxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2021:138, 111481.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moradi M, Goodarzi N, Faramarzi A, Cheraghi H, et al. Melatonin protects rats testes against bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatininduced toxicity via mitigating nitrooxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2021:138, 111481.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makled MN, Said E. Tranilast abrogates cisplatin-induced testicular and epididymal injuries: An insight into its modulatory impact on apoptosis/proliferation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2021;35(8):e22817. doi: 10.1002/jbt.22817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makled MN, Said E. Tranilast abrogates cisplatin-induced testicular and epididymal injuries: An insight into its modulatory impact on apoptosis/proliferation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2021;35(8):e22817. doi: 10.1002/jbt.22817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hazem SH, Saad KM, Samaha MM. Protective effects of BTK inhibition by acalabrutinib on cisplatin-induced renal and testicular injury in mice: Modulation of mTOR/AMPK, NLRP3/GSDMD-N, and apoptotic pathways. Int Immunopharmacol. 2025;149:114256. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hazem SH, Saad KM, Samaha MM. Protective effects of BTK inhibition by acalabrutinib on cisplatin-induced renal and testicular injury in mice: Modulation of mTOR/AMPK, NLRP3/GSDMD-N, and apoptotic pathways. Int Immunopharmacol. 2025;149:114256. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taitson, P. F., Mourthé Filho, A., Rodrigues, L. M. F. &amp; Gaspar, A. D. J. Treating male infertility. JBRA Assist. Reprod. 2022:17; 351–352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taitson, P. F., Mourthé Filho, A., Rodrigues, L. M. F. &amp; Gaspar, A. D. J. Treating male infertility. JBRA Assist. Reprod. 2022:17; 351–352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narayana, K., Al-Bader, M., Mousa, A. &amp; Khan, K. M. Molecular efects of chemotherapeutic drugs and their modulation by antioxidants in the testis. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2012;674: 207–216</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narayana, K., Al-Bader, M., Mousa, A. &amp; Khan, K. M. Molecular efects of chemotherapeutic drugs and their modulation by antioxidants in the testis. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2012;674: 207–216</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xia J, Minamino S, Kuwabara K, Arai S. Stem cell secretome as a new booster for regenerative medicine. Biosci Trends 2019;13(4):299</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xia J, Minamino S, Kuwabara K, Arai S. Stem cell secretome as a new booster for regenerative medicine. Biosci Trends 2019;13(4):299</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
