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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agx</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Андрология и генитальная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Andrology and Genital Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-9781</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8902</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2070-9781-2023-24-4-135-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agx-714</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Осложнения тестикулярного протезирования: анализ причин, хирургическая тактика, пути профилактики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complications of testicular prosthetics: analysis of causes, surgical tactics, ways of prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-0421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шорманов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shormanov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>150000 Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl 150000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-0445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щедров</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchedrov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Николаевич Щедров</p><p>150000 Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5</p><p>150042 Ярославль, Тутаевское шоссе, 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry Nikolaevich Shchedrov</p><p>5 Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl 150000</p><p>27 Tutaevskoe Shosse, Yaroslavl 150042</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shedrov.dmitry@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спасская</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spasskaya</surname><given-names>Y. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>150042 Ярославль, Тутаевское шоссе, 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>27 Tutaevskoe Shosse, Yaroslavl 150042</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4457-9694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарова</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garova</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>150000 Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl 150000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ ЯО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Yaroslavl Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ ЯО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шорманов И.С., Щедров Д.Н., Спасская Ю.С., Гарова Д.Ю., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шорманов И.С., Щедров Д.Н., Спасская Ю.С., Гарова Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shormanov I.S., Shchedrov D.N., Spasskaya Y.S., Garova D.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://agx.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/714">https://agx.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/714</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Тестикулярное протезирование часто приводит к осложнениям. Разброс данных разных авторов о частоте и структуре осложнений крайне велик. Факторы, указываемые авторами в качестве причин осложнений, часто противоречат друг другу и не анализируются, ввиду чего методы профилактики и лечебная тактика четко не определены.</p><p>Цель исследования – проанализировать частоту и структуру осложнений при протезировании яичка у пациентов старше 18 лет и детей подросткового возраста, а также предложить оптимальные пути профилактики выявленных осложнений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты тестикулярного протезирования у 292 пациентов в возрасте 12–59 лет за период 2007–2022 гг.  Различные осложнения констатированы у 27 (9,24 %) пациентов, в том числе в подростковой группе (12–17 лет) – у 13 (8,33 %) из 156 пациентов, во взрослой – у 14 (10,29 %) из 136 пациентов. Используемые импланты: «МИТ» – в 116 случаях (у взрослых – 54, у подростков – 62), Promedon – в 176 случаях (у взрослых – 80, у подростков – 96).</p><p>Обработку данных проводили с помощью программы Statistica 20.0. Статистически значимым считали уровень p &lt;0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наиболее часто отмечаются такие осложнения, как экструзия импланта (22,2 %) и нарушения хирургического гемостаза (29,6 %), они же чаще приводят к удалению импланта. Применение антибактериальной терапии курсом не снижает риск осложнений, отсутствие антибиотикопрофилактики повышает частоту осложнений на 3,9 % во взрослой группе и на 2,28 % – в подростковой. Наиболее рациональна однократная периоперационная антибиотикопрофилактика. Частота осложнений при использовании имплантов «МИТ» выше (n = 17), чем при использовании Promedon (n = 10). Частота осложнений существенно выше в группе пациентов, которым протезирование было выполнено в срок более 3 лет после первичной орхэктомии или в изначально гипоплазированную мошонку.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Частота осложнений тестикулярного протезирования составляет 8,33–10,29 %. В их структуре преобладают осложнения гемостаза и экструзия импланта, они же являются причиной наибольшего числа повторных вмешательств и поводом для удаления импланта. На формирование осложнений влияет ряд факторов – доступ, схема антибактериальной терапии/профилактики, имплантируемый материал, срок после первичной операции. Наиболее рациональным является использование современного силиконового импланта через 6–12 мес после орхэктомии супраскротальным доступом с однократной периоперационной антибиотикопрофилактикой. Риск осложнений может быть нивелирован путем использования профилактических мер.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Testicular prosthetics, despite the apparent simplicity of the technique of performing the operation, often leads to complications. At the same time, the spread of data from different authors on the frequency and structure of complications is extremely large. At the same time, the factors indicated by the authors as the causes of complications often contradict each other, and, as a rule, are not analyzed, therefore, methods of prevention and therapeutic tactics are not clearly defined today.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyze the frequency and structure of complications during testicular prosthetics in patients over 18 years of age and adolescent children, as well as to suggest optimal ways to prevent the identified complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The results of testicular prosthetics were analyzed in 292 patients aged 12–59 years in the period 2007–2022. Various complications were found in 27 patients (9.24 %), including in the adolescent group (12–17 years) – in 13 (8.33 %) patients out of 156, in adults – in 14 (10.29 %) out of 136. MIT implants were used in 116 cases (adults – 54, adolescents – 62) and Promedon implants – in 176 cases (adults – 80, adolescents – 96). Data processing was carried out in the Statistica 20.0 program. The p &lt;0.05 level was considered statistically significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The most common complications include implant extrusion (22.2 %) and surgical hemostasis disorders (29.6 %), they are also the most difficult to correct and often lead to the need to remove the implant. The use of antibacterial therapy by the course does not reduce the risk of complications, the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis increases the incidence of complications by 3.9 % in the adult group and by 2.28 % in the adolescent group. The most rational single perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. The frequency of complications when using MIT implants is higher (n = 17) than Promedon (n = 10). The incidence of complications is significantly higher in the group of patients who underwent prosthetics for more than three years after primary orchectomy or in an initially hypoplasized scrotum.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Complications of testicular prosthetics are 8.33–10.29 %. The structure is dominated by complications of hemostasis and implant extrusion, they are also the cause of the greatest number of repeated interventions and the reason for the removal of the implant. A number of factors influence the formation of complications – access, the scheme of antibacterial therapy/prevention, the implantable material, the period after the initial operation. The most rational is the use of a modern silicone implant for prosthetics 6–12 months after orchectomy with suprascrotal access with a single perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. The risk of the most dangerous and frequent complications can be leveled by using preventive measures.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тестикулярное протезирование</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>взрослые</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>testicular prosthetics</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>adults</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peycelon M., Rossignol G., Muller C.O. et al. Testicular prostheses in children: is earlier better? J Pediatr Urol 2016;12(4):237.e1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.04.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peycelon M., Rossignol G., Muller C.O. et al. Testicular prostheses in children: is earlier better? J Pediatr Urol 2016;12(4):237.e1–6. 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