References

agx

Андрология и генитальная хирургия

Andrology and Genital Surgery

2070-97812412-8902

MedINK Publishing House LLC

10.17650/2070-9781-2017-18-4-34-42

agx-258

Research Article

ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ

REVIEW

Хирургическое лечение гипоспадии у детей: фундаментальные основы и новейшие тенденции

Hypospadias repair in children: fundamental principles and latest tendencies

Суров

Р. В.

Surov

R. V.

Отделение урологии

Россия, 650056 Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, 21

Department of Urology

21 Voroshilova St., Kemerovo 650056, Russia

rimvs@mail.ru

Каганцов

И. М.

Kagantsov

I. M.

отделение урологии

Россия, Республика Коми, 167004 Сыктывкар, ул. Пушкина, 116/6

Россия, 167001, Республика Коми, Сыктывкар, Октябрьский просп., 55

Department of Urology

116/6 Pushkina St., Syktyvkar, Republic of Komi 167004, Russia

55 Oktyabrskiy Prospekt, Syktyvkar, Republic of Komi 167001, Russia

ГАУЗ Кемеровской области «Областная детская клиническая больница»РоссияChildren’s Regional Clinical HospitalRussian Federation

ГУ «Республиканская детская клиническая больница» Минздрава Республики Коми ФГБОУ ВО «Сыктывкарский государственный университет им. Питирима Сорокина» Минобрнауки РоссииРоссияRepublican Children’s Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Komi Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Ministry of Education and Science of RussiaRussian Federation

2017

30012018

1843442

2018

Суров Р.В., Каганцов И.М.

Surov R.V., Kagantsov I.M.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://agx.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/258

В статье содержится анализ литературы, посвященной вопросам лечения гипоспадии у детей. Проводятся параллели между классическими трудами и современными тенденциями в лечении данного порока развития половых органов. Описаны новые хирургические методики (с отсылкой к истории их появления) и разработки. Ведется дискуссия об использовании одномоментных и этапных хирургических вмешательств при проксимальной гипоспадии, приводится анализ литературных данных об осложнениях, сопутствующих применению той или иной техники. Описываются новые варианты классификации гипоспадии, методы оценки тяжести порока до операции, варианты в косметической оценке после операции. Уделяется внимание такому направлению, как стандартизация подходов к хирургическому лечению гипоспадии, унификация методов уретропластики и коррекции искривления полового члена. Приводятся данные клинических исследований по использованию различных оперативных техник. Дается представление о стандартизации методов описания клинических исследований в сфере гипоспадологии.

The article contains the analysis of publications devoted to various aspects of hypospadias treatment in children. Parallels between classical works and current trends in the treatment for this genital malformation are drawn. New surgical techniques with a reference to the history of their emergence and development are described. The authors discuss the use of single-stage and multi-stage surgical procedures for proximal hypospadias. The article also provides the analysis of currently available literature data on the complications associated with the use particular surgical techniques. Furthermore, the article covers the following issues: new variants of hypospadias classification, methods for assessing defect severity prior to surgery, and variants of cosmetic evaluation after surgical treatment. Particular attention is paid to standardization of approaches to surgical treatment of hypospadias, unification of methods used in urethroplasty and penile curvature correction. The data of clinical trials assessing various operative techniques are provided. A suggestion regarding standardization of description methods for clinical trials in the field of hypospadology is made.

гипоспадияуретропластикапорок развития полового членадетская урологияреконструкция гениталий

hypospadiasurethroplastypenile malformationpediatric urologygenital reconstructive surgery

References1

WHO/CDC/ICBDSR. Birth defects surveillance: atlas of selected congenital anomalies. Ed. World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014. ISBN 978 92 4 156476 2.

Manzoni G., Bracka A., Palminteri E., Marrocco G. Hypospadias surgery: when, what and by whom? BJU Int 2004;94: 1188–95. DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2004.05128.x. PMID: 15613162.

Paoluzzi L. J. Is hypospadias an “environmental” birth defect? Dialogues Pediatric Urol 2000;23(1):2–4. Available at: http://spuonline.org/Dialogues/23_1.cgi.

Springer A., van den Heijkant M., Baumann S. Worldwide prevalence of hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol 2016;12(3):152.e1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.12.002. PMID: 26810252.

Федеральные клинические рекомендации по оказанию медицинской помощи детям с гипоспадией (утв. Союзом педиатров России 14 февраля 2015 г.). Доступно по: http://nauka.x-pdf.ru/17meditsina/582378–1-federalnieklinicheskie-rekomendacii- okazaniyumedicinskoy-pomoschi-detyamgipospadiey-glavniy-vneshtatniyspecialist-pe. php. [Federal clinical guidelines for the care of children with hypospadias(approved by the Russian Union of Pediatricians on February 14, 2015). Available from: http://nauka.x-pdf.ru/17meditsina/582378–1-federalnieklinicheskie-rekomendacii-okazaniyumedicinskoy-pomoschi-detyamgipospadiey-glavniy-vneshtatniyspecialist-pe. php. (In Russ.)].

Guidelines on Paediatric Urology. European Society for Paediatric Urology. 2016. Available at: http://uroweb.org/guideline/paediatric-urology.

Baskin L. S., Erol A., Li Y. W. et al. Anatomical studies of hypospadias. J Urol 1998;160:1108–15. PMID: 9719287.

Rayfield L., Broecker B., Cerwinka W. et al. High GMS score hypospadias: Outcomes after one-and two-stage operations. J Pediatr Urol 2017;13(3):291. e1–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.11.022. PMID: 28063780.

Sayed S., Salle A., Bagli D. et al. Proximal hypospadias: A persistent challenge. Single institution outcome analysis of three surgical techniques over a 10-year period. J Pediatr Urol 2016;12(1):28.e1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.06.011. PMID: 26279102.

Nakamura M., Nishimura Y., Kitta T. et al. Factors affecting post-pubertal penile size in patients with hypospadias. World J Urol 2016;34(9):1317–21. DOI: 10.1007/s00345‑016‑1763‑0. PMID: 26792579.

Macedo A., Hoebeke P., Mouriquand P., Snodgrass W. Hypospadias dilemmas: A round table. J Pediatr Urol 2011;7(2):145–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2010.11.009. PMID: 21236734.

Braga L. H.P., Pippi Salle J. L., Moore K. et al. Assessment of urethral plate appearance through digital photography: Do pediatric urologists agree in their visual impressions of the urethral plate in children with hypospadias? J Pediatr Urol 2010;6(3):294–300. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.09.003. PMID: 19837634.

Merguerian P. A., Grady R., DiSandro M. et al. Digital photographic measurement in hypospadias: Validation and comparison to intraoperative measurement. J Pediatr Urol 2014;10(2):312–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.10.012. PMID: 24291248.

Arlen A. M., Broecker B. H., Smith E. A. et al. The GMS hypospadias score: Assessment of inter-observer reliability and correlation with post-operative complications. J Pediatr Urol 2013;9(6 Pt A): 707–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.04.006. PMID: 23683961.

Elmore J.M, Maizels M. CEVL e-learning teaches GUMS method to “score” hypospadias preoperatively and predict postoperative outcomes. J Pediatr Urol 2015;11(5):234–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.08.003. PMID: 26395217.

Papes D., Bracka A., Altarac S. Two-stage hypospadias repair with inner preputial layer Wolfe graft (Aivar Bracka repair). BJU Int 2012;110(3):460–73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464- 410X.2012.11304.x. PMID: 22776570.

Snodgrass W., Bush N. Hypospadiology. Dallas: Operation happenis, 2015.

Horton C., Devine C. Use of dermal graft to correct chordee. J Urol 1975;113(1):56–8. PMID: 1089811.

Gittes R., McLaughlin A. Injection technique to induce penile erection. Urology 1974;4(4):473–4. PMID: 4418594.

Nesbit R. Congenital curvature of the phallus: report of three cases with description of corrective operation. J Urol 1965;93:230–2. PMID: 14260875.

Devine C. J., Horton C. E. Chordee without hypospadias. J Urol 1973;110(2):264–71. PMID: 4722625.

Snyder H. M., Canning D. A., Lambert S. M. The History of Hypospadias and Hypospadias Repairs. Urology 2011;77(6):1277–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology. 2010.10.031. PMID: 21497381.

Snodgrass W. T., Patterson K., Plaire J. C. et al. Histology of the urethral plate: implications for hypospadias repair. J Urol 2000;164(3 Pt 2):988–9. PMID: 10958724.

Duckett J. W., Snyder H. M., Elder J. S. Onlay island flap in the repair of mid and distal penile hypospadias without chordee. J Urol 1987;138(2):376–9. PMID: 3599258.

Keating M. A., Snyder H. M., Duckett J. W., Hollowell J. G. Preservation of the urethral plate in hypospadias repair: extended applications and further experience with the onlay island flap urethroplasty. J Urol 1990;143(1):98–100. PMID: 2294275.

Рудин Ю. Э., Марухненко Д. В., Бачиев С. В. и др. Одномоментная уретропластика с увеличением площади головки полового члена при лечении гипоспадии у детей. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология 2010;3:66–69. [Rudin Yu. E., Marukhnenko D. V., Bachiev S. V. et al. One-stage urethroplasty with simultaneous increase of the glans penis area in children with hypospadias. Eksperimentalnaya i klinicheskaya urologiya = Experimental and Clinical Urology 2010;3:66–69. (In Russ.)].

Продеус П. П., Староверов О. В. Гипоспадия. М.: Изд-е ФГУП «Медсервис» Минздрава России, 2003. [Prodeus P. P., Staroverov O. V. Hypospadias. Moscow: “Medservis” Ministry of Health of Russia, 2003. (In Russ.)].

Каганцов И. М. Осложнения пластики крайней плоти при коррекции дистальной гипоспадии. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология 2014;2: 98–101. [Kagantsov I. M. Complications of preputioplasty after distal hypospadias repair. Eksperimentalnaya i klinicheskaya urologiya = Experimental and Clinical Urology 2014;2: 98–101. (In Russ.)].

Староверов О. В., Казанская И. В. Перспективы развития гипоспадиологии. Андрология и генитальная хирургия 2016;2:77–84. [Staroverov O. V., Kazanskaya I. V. Prospects for the development of hypospadias. Andrologiya i genitalnaya khirurgiya = Andrology and Genital Surgery 2016;2:77–84. (In Russ.)].

Snodgrass W. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias. J Urol 1994;151(2):464–5. PMID: 8283561.

Snodgrass W., Koyle M., Manzoni G. et al. Tubularized incised plate hypospadias repair for proximal hypospadias. J Urol 1998;159(6):2129–31. PMID: 9598557.

Snodgrass W., Bush N. Tubularized incised plate proximal hypospadias repair: continued evolution and extended applications. J Pediatr Urol. 2011;7(1):2–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2010.05.011. PMID: 20598641.

Каганцов И. М. Хирургическая коррекция тяжелых форм гипоспадии. Казанский медицинский журнал 2012;93(2):255–60. [Kagantsov I. M. Surgical correction of severe forms of hypospadias. Kazanskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = Kazan Medical Journal 2012;93(2):255–60. (In Russ.)].

Palmer J.S, Franco I., Friedman S. C. et al. The “long Snodgrass”: applying the tubularized incised plate urethroplasty to penoscrotal hypospadias in 1-stage or 2-stage repairs. J Urol 2002;168(4 Pt 2): 1748–9. PMID: 12352351. DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000028384. 89118.24.

Nason G. J., McLoughlin L. C., Flood H. D. et al. A comparative bibliometric analysis of the top 150 cited papers in hypospadiology(1945–2013). J Pediatr Urol 2015;11(2):85.e1–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.11.022. PMID: 25819379.

Snodgrass W. T. Snodgrass technique for hypospadias repair. BJU Int 2005;95(4):683–93. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05384.x. PMID: 15705110.

Bracka A. Hypospadias: the two-stage alternative. Br J Urol 1995;76(3):31–41. PMID: 8535768.

Nitkunan T., O’Malley K., Cuckow P. M. et al. The two-stage repair for severe primary hypospadias. Eur Urol 2006;50(2):366–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.01.002. PMID: 16464530.

Hadidi A. T. History of hypospadias: Lost in translation. J Pediatr Surg 2017;52(2):211–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.11.004. PMID: 27989535.

Bachani M. K., Uttarwar A. M., Ramji J. I. et al. The Bracka two-stage repair for severe proximal hypospadias: A single center experience. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2015;20(2):72–6. DOI: 10.4103/0971-9261.151549. PMID: 25829670.

Zaccara A., Spagnoli A., Lucchetti M. C. et al. Skin graft for 2-stage treatment of severe hypospadias: back to the future? J Urol 2002 Oct;168:1730–3. DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000028496. 35756.8b. PMID: 12352346.

Snodgrass W., Elmore J. Initial experience with staged buccal graft (Bracka) hypospadias reoperations. J Urol 2004;172:1720–4. PMID: 15371799.

Macedo A., Barroso U. Initial experience with “inverted U” staged buccal mucosa graft(bracka) for hypospadias repair. J Pediatr Urol 2009 Apr;5(2):90–2. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2008.09.005. PMID: 18996051.

Paiva K. C., Bastos A. N., Miana L. P. et al. Biometry of the hypospadic penis after hormone therapy(testosterone and estrogen): A randomized, double-blind controlled trial. J Pediatr Urol 2016;12(4):200.e1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.04.013. PMID: 27321554.

Hayes M. C., Malone P. S. The use of a dorsal buccal mucosal graft with urethral plate incision (Snodgrass) for hypospadias salvage. BJU Int 1999;83(4):508–9. PMID: 10210581.

Queteishat A., Desai D., Gundeti M. et al. Use of an inner preputial free graft to extend the indications of Snodgrass hypospadias repair (Snodgraft). J Pediatr Urol 2005;1(6):395–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2005.03.010. PMID: 18947578.

Аустони Э. Атлас по реконструктивной хирургии полового члена. М.: АБВ-пресс, 2012. [Austoni E. Atlas of reconstructive penile surgery. Moscow: ABV-press, 2012. (In Russ.)].

Baskin L. S., Duckett J. W. Dorsal tunica albuginea plication for hypospadias curvature. J Urol. 1994;151(6):1668–71. PMID: 8189595.

Springer A., Krois W., Horcher E. Trends in hypospadias surgery: results of a worldwide survey. Eur Urol 2011;60(6):1184–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.08.031. PMID: 21871708.

Каганцов И. М., Акрамов Н. Р. Применение измененной тактики хирургического лечения гипоспадии. М.: Практическая медицина 2014;85(9):155–9. [Kagantsov I. M., Akramov N. R. Use of a modified tactics for surgical treatment of hypospadias. Moscow: Prakticheskaya meditsina 2014;85(9):155–9. (In Russ.)].

Fahmy A., Badawy H. Single- vs. multistage repair of proximal hypospadias: The dilemma continues Arab J Urol 2013;11(2):174–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2013.03.009. PMID: 26558078.

Chaiyaprasithi B., Sujijantararat P. Comparative outcome between transverse island flap onlay and tubularized incised plate for primary hypospadias repair. Asian J Surg 2009;32(4):229–33. DOI: 10.1016/S1015-9584(09)60399-7. PMID: 19892626.

Ramanathan C. Three-year experience of hypospadias surgery: Bracka’s method. Indian J Plast Surg 2006;39(2):130–5. Available at: http://www.bioline.org.br/request?pl06033.

Bouty A., Lin Nyo Y., O’Brien M. et al. Two-stage graft urethroplasty for proximal and complicated hypospadias in children: A retrospective study. J Pediatr Urol 2016;12(5):286.e1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.02.014. PMID: 27020542.

Tiryaki S., Ələkbərova V., Dokumcu Z. et al. Unexpected outcome of a modification of Bracka repair for proximal hypospadias: High incidence of diverticula with flaps. J Pediatr Urol 2016;12(6):395. e1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.04.046. PMID: 27480468.

Long C. J., Canning D. A. Hypospadias: Are we as good as we think when we correct proximal hypospadias? J Pediatr Urol 2016;12(4):196.e1–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.05.002. PMID: 27296789.

Manoharan S., Desai D., Cuckow P. M. et al. Two-stage hypospadias repair with a free graft for severe primary and revision hypospadias: A single surgeon’s experience with long- term follow-up. J Pediatr Urol 2017;13(1):35.e1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.08.014. PMID: 27746246.

Reda E. F., Zelkovic P., Gitlin J. et al. Tunneled buccal mucosa tube grafts for repair of proximal hypospadias. J Urol 2015;193(5):1813–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.10.093. PMID: 25817150.

Stein R., Schroder A., Thuroff J. W. Surgical atlas: Primary hypospadias repair with buccal mucosa. BJU Int 2006;97(4):871–89. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06119.x. PMID: 16536795.

Xu Y., Fu Q., Sa Y. et al. One-stage dorsal lingual mucosal graft urethroplasty for the treatment of failed hypospadias repair. Asian J Androl 2016;18(3):467–70. DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.157545. PMID: 26228042.

Betti M., Elia A., Landi L. et al. Proximal hypospadias repair with bladder mucosal graft: our 10 years experience. J Pediatr Urol 2017;13(3):294.e1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.01.011. PMID: 28341425.

Morsi H., Elbarbary M. M., Seleim H. M. Neo-yoke repair for severe hypospadias: A simple modification for better outcome. J Pediatr Urol 2017;13(3):290.e1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.11.016. PMID: 28161405.

Файзулин А. К., Поддубный И. В., Кононов А. В. и др. Пластика мочеиспускательного канала с использованием аутологичных кератиноцитов на биодеградирующем матриксе у детей с проксимальными формами гипоспадии. Андрология и генитальная хирургия 2016;17(2):85–97. [Faizulin A. K., Poddubnyy I. V., Kononov A. V. et al. Urethroplasty using autologous keratinocytes on the biodegrading matrix in children with proximal hypospadias. Andrologiya i genitalnaya khirurgiya = Andrology and Genital Surgery 2016;17(2):85–97. (In Russ.)].

Green P. A., Beglinger S., Myers J. at al. Hypospadias surgery in England: higher volume centres have lower complication. J Pediatr Urol 2017;13(5):481.e1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.01.014. PMID: 28434634.

van der Toorn F., de Jong T. P., de Gier R. P. et al. Introducing the HOPE (Hypospadias Objective Penile Evaluation) – score: a validation study of an objective scoring system for evaluating cosmetic appearance in hypospadias patients. J Pediatr Urol 2013;9(6 Pt B):1006–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.01.015. PMID: 23491983.

von Elm E., Altman D. G., Egger M. et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet 2007;370(9596):1453–7. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61602- X. PMID: 18064739.

Lorenzo A. J., Bagli D. J., Pippi Salle J. L. et al. Application of the STROBE statement to the hypospadias literature: Report of the international pediatric urology task force on hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol 2016;12(6):367–380. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.05.048. PMID: 27887912.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.