agxАндрология и генитальная хирургияAndrology and Genital Surgery2070-97812412-8902MedINK Publishing House LLC10.17650/2070-9781-2016-17-4-17-20agx-208Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL REPORTПерспективы использования сперматогониальных стволовых клеток при изучении механизмов сперматогенеза и лечении мужского бесплодияPerspectivesof spermatogonial stem cellsuse for investigation of spermatogenesis mechanisms and for treatment of male infertilityПоляковаМ. В.PolyakovaM. V.

Лаборатория генетики нарушений репродукции

Россия, 115478 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1

Laboratory of genetic disorders of reproduction

1 Moskvorech’e St., Moscow 115478, Russia

marusiapoliakova@gmail.comФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр»РоссияResearch Centre for Medical GeneticsRussian Federation2016030220171741720Copyright © Полякова М.В., 20172017Полякова М.В.Polyakova M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://agx.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/208

Половые стволовые клетки определяются способностью передачи генетической информации следующему поколению посредством оплодотворения. Ключ к непрерывному производству сперматозоидов – сперматогониальные стволовые клетки (ССК). Лечение злокачественных заболеваний (химио- или лучевая терапия) может привести к серьезному повреждению мужской репродуктивной функции. Недавние открытия в исследованиях по изучению сперматогенной системы млекопитающих позволили расширить знания о клеточных и молекулярных механизмах дифференцировки сперматогониев в зрелые гаметы. Однако в настоящее время природа сперматогенеза человека практически неизвестна из-за отсутствия соответствующей экспериментальной модели. Создание метода культивирования ССК человека в ближайшем будущем будет содействовать дальнейшему пониманию механизма сперматогенеза и его патогенеза, что может привести к более результативным показателям при применении вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий как в лечении наиболее сложных форм мужского бесплодия, так и в его профилактике. В обзоре проанализированы результаты исследований, изучающих возможность применения клеточных технологий в репродуктивной медицине для восстановления сперматогенеза человека. Рядом авторов показано, что применение криоконсервации не только спермы, но и ткани яичек, содержащей ССК, аутотрансплантация ССК, создание органных культур в целях получения сперматозоидов in vitro в будущем могут стать действенными способами сохранения фертильности, особенно у пациентов препубертатного возраста. Однако полученные результаты неоднозначны и требуют дальнейших исследований.

Germ stem cells have the ability to transfer genetic information to the next generation through fertilization. The key to continuous production of sperm cells – spermatogonial stem cells (SSC). Treatment of malignant diseases, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, can cause serious damage to male reproductive function. Recent discoveries in studies of the mammalian spermatogenic system had expanded the knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of differentiation of spermatogonia into mature gametes. Currently, however, the nature of the human spermatogenesis almost unknown due to the lack of appropriate experimental models. Create a method of culture human SSC in the near future will contribute to the further understanding of the mechanism of spermatogenesis and its pathogenesis, which may lead to more effective indicators for the use of assisted reproductive technologies in treating the most severe forms of male infertility, and its prevention. The review analyzed the results of studies the possibility of using cellular technologies in reproductive medicine to restore human spermatogenesis. A number of authors have shown that the use of cryopreservation not only sperm, but also tissues of testicles that contains SSC, auto-transplantation of SSC, the establishment of organ cultures with the aim of obtaining sperm in vitro may in future be an effective method of fertility preservation, especially in prepubertal patients. However, the results are ambiguous and need further researches.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.