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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agx</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Андрология и генитальная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Andrology and Genital Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-9781</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8902</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2070-9781-2012-4-45-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agx-14</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этиопатогенез аутоиммунных реакций против сперматозоидов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Etiopathogenesis of autoimmune responses against sperm</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Божедомов</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bozhedomov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра акушерства, гинекологии, перинатологии и репродуктологии;</p><p>кафедра клинической андрологии факультета повышения квалификации медицинских работников, Москва </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology, and Reproductology, Faculty for Postgraduate Training of Physicians;</p><p>Department of Clinical Andrology, Faculty for Advanced Training of Medical Workers, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VBojedomov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolayeva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">VBojedomov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спориш</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sporish</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра клинической андрологии факультета повышения квалификации медицинских работников, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Clinical Andrology, Faculty for Advanced Training of Medical Workers, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VBojedomov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рохликов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rokhlikov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра клинической андрологии факультета повышения квалификации медицинских работников, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Clinical Andrology, Faculty for Advanced Training of Medical Workers, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VBojedomov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липатова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipatova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра клинической андрологии факультета повышения квалификации медицинских работников, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Clinical Andrology, Faculty for Advanced Training of Medical Workers, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VBojedomov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушакова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushakova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">VBojedomov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логинова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loginova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">VBojedomov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухих</surname><given-names>Г. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhikh</surname><given-names>G. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра акушерства, гинекологии, перинатологии и репродуктологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology, and Reproductology, Faculty for Postgraduate Training of Physicians</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VBojedomov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФППОВ ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВПО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia;&#13;
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова»  Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Acad. V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВПО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФППОВ ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГБУ «Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова»  Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia;&#13;
Acad. V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Божедомов В.А., Николаева М.А., Спориш Е.А., Рохликов И.М., Липатова Н.А., Ушакова И.В., Логинова Н.С., Сухих Г.Т., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Божедомов В.А., Николаева М.А., Спориш Е.А., Рохликов И.М., Липатова Н.А., Ушакова И.В., Логинова Н.С., Сухих Г.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bozhedomov V.A., Nikolayeva M.A., Sporish E.A., Rokhlikov I.M., Lipatova N.A., Ushakova I.V., Loginova N.S., Sukhikh G.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://agx.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/14">https://agx.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/14</self-uri><abstract><p>Одной из причин мужского бесплодия являются аутоиммунные реакции против сперматозоидов, которые сопровождаются выработкой антиспермальных антител (АСАТ).</p><p>Цель исследования – уточнить роль различных факторов (за исключением обструкции) в этиологии иммунного мужского бесплодия.</p><p>Материал и методы исследования. Клинико-лабораторное обследование 536 мужчин из бесплодных пар (возраст 18–45 лет); контрольную группу составили фертильные мужчины, жены которых были беременны на сроке 8–16 нед (n = 82). Исследование спермы проводили в соответствии с требованиями ВОЗ. Определение АСАТ в сперме – MAR-тест. Оценку оксидативного стресса выполняли методом люминолзависимой хемилюминесценции. Повреждение хромосом – по фрагментации ДНК методом дисперсии хроматина в геле инертной агарозы с визуальной оценкой под микроскопом образования ореола после кислотной денатурации ДНК и лизирования протеинов ядра. Содержание интерферонов (ИФН) в крови, естественную и индуцированную in vitro продукцию ИФН – по методу Кемпбелла. Диагностику инфекций репродуктивного тракта – методом ПЦР.</p><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Существует высоко значимая корреляция между количеством АСАТ с одной стороны и перенесенным орхитом и субклинической травмой яичка с другой. Корреляция варикоцеле – АСАТ отсутствует, но при варикоцеле повышается риск иммунного бесплодия и орхита после травмы; варикоцелэктомия способствует снижению АСАТ при большей степени варикоцеле и менее выраженном аутоиммунном процессе. АСАТ наблюдаются на фоне хламидийной инфекции при повышенной продукции ИФН γ. Крипторхизм и орхипексия, паротит, эпидидимит, грыжесечение, хронический бактериальный простатит и другие потенциальные факторы риска снижения фертильности мужчин не оказали значимого влияния на отношение шансов развития иммунного бесплодия. В большинстве случаев (41 %) иммунное бесплодие кажется идиопатическим, но сопровождается гиперпродукцией активных форм кислорода и повреждением (фрагментацией) ДНК.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Иммунное мужское бесплодие полиэтиологично: повреждение гемато-тестикулярного барьера, перекрестные реакции с микроорганизмами, иммунопатологические реакции. Аутоиммунные реакции против сперматозоидов могут рассматриваться как в качестве причины, так и следствия плохого качества спермы, обусловленного генетическими и разными эндо и экзогенными факторами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The autoimmune reactions against sperm, which are accompanied by the elaboration of antisperm antibodies (AsAb), are one of the causes of male infertility.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to specify the role of different factors (other than obstruction) in the etiology of male immune infertility.</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and methods</title><p>Subjects and methods. Clinical and laboratory studies were made in 536 males from infertile couples (their age 18–45 years); a control group comprised fertile men whose wives were 8–16 weeks pregnant (n = 82). Their sperms were examined in accordance with the WHO recommendations. AsAbs in the sperm were determined by a MAR test. Oxidative stress was estimated using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Chromosome damage was identified from DNA fragmentation by chromatin dispersion in an inert agarose gel, by making a microscopic examination of halo formation after acid DNA denaturation and nuclear protein lysis. The blood levels of interferons (IFN) and their natural and in vitro induced production were determined by the Campbell method. Reproductive tract infections were diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. There is a high significant correlation between the quantity of AsAb, on the one hand, and previous orchitis, as well as subclinical testicular injury, on the other hand. There was no correlation between varicocele and AsAb, but in the former, the risk of immune infertility and orchitis increases after injury; varicocelectomy promotes a reduction in AsAb with the higher degree of varicocele and a less marked autoimmune process. AsAbs are observed during Chlamydia infection with the increased production of IFN-γ. Cryptorchidism and orchiopexy, parotitis, epididymitis, herniotomy, chronic bacterial prostatitis, and other potential risk factors for decreased male fertility had no significant impacts on an odds ratio for developing immune infertility. In the majority (41 %) of cases, immune infertility seems to be idiopathic, but it is accompanied by the hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage (fragmentation).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Male immune infertility is multietiological: blood-testis barrier damage, cross reactions with microorganisms, and immunopathological reactions. Autoimmune reactions against sperm can be considered to be both a cause and a sequence of the bad semen quality caused by genetic and different endo- and exogenous factors.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунное бесплодие</kwd><kwd>антиспермальные антитела</kwd><kwd>оксидативный стресс</kwd><kwd>фрагментация ДНК сперматозоидов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune infertility</kwd><kwd>antisperm antibodies</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>sperm DNA fragmentation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple. WHO, 3th ed.: Cambridge university press, 2000. P. 32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple. 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